What is BVLOS (Beyond Visual Line of Sight) and Why It Matters for Drone Pilots

The FAA has recently proposed a new regulation known as Part 108, often referred to as BVLOS, Beyond Visual Line of Sight. Unlike current Part 107 regulations, which require pilots to maintain visual contact with their drone, BVLOS operations allow drones to fly beyond the pilot’s or observer’s line of sight.

This shift could open the door to expand commercial drone operations in industries like agriculture, aerial surveys, flight testing, recreational flights, and even the long-anticipated package delivery market.

FAA Part 108 Explained: Key Rules for BVLOS Drone Operations

Currently, BVLOS operations require special waivers. Part 108 aims to change that by making BVLOS flights routine, scalable, and more accessible to certified remote pilots.

Some key aspects of the proposed FAA drone regulations include:

• Operating below 400 feet above ground level.
• FAA approval for flight areas and daily operation numbers.
• Drones equipped with lighting and Remote ID – the digital “license plate” for drones.
• The use of Automated Data Service Providers to maintain safe separation between drones and manned aircraft.
• Adoption of detect and avoid drone technologies to reduce collision risk.

The rule also introduces two operational categories:

• Permits for lower-risk operations with smaller fleets.
• Certificates for higher-risk operations involving larger, faster, and heavier drones.

Drone Safety and Security in BVLOS Operations

Flying beyond visual line of sight comes with new risks, including signal loss, unseen obstacles, and potential conflicts with other aircraft. To mitigate these risks, Part 108 emphasizes:

• Cybersecurity and physical security requirements.
• Recordkeeping and authorization processes.
• Strict supervision for certificate-level operations.
  

These safeguards aim to balance expanded BVLOS drone capabilities with the responsibility of maintaining airspace safety.

How Drone Pilots Can Prepare for FAA Part 108

Although Part 108 has not yet been finalized, drone pilots can take proactive steps:

1. Review current Part 107 rules and understand their limitations.
2. Ensure drones are Remote ID compliant.
3. Learn about upcoming detect and avoid technologies. 
4. Follow FAA drone regulation updates and consider providing feedback on the proposed rule.

By preparing early, remote pilots will be ready to transition smoothly once the FAA finalizes Part 108.

Remote Pilot 101 – Training for Part 107 and Beyond

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Know Your Airspace and Regulations

Before flying, it is essential to understand the airspace classification and any applicable rules or restrictions. Controlled airspace is managed by Air Traffic Control (ATC), while uncontrolled airspace requires pilots to self-manage following FAA procedures. Checking for NOTAMs, waivers, and Temporary Flight Restrictions (TFRs) is critical. For operations above 400 feet or multiple drones, advance FAA waivers may be required, with approval potentially taking up to 90 days.

Familiarize Yourself with Your Drone

Comprehensive knowledge of the drone’s manual, flight modes, GPS capabilities, and battery management contributes to better flight control. Pre-flight checks should include ensuring firmware updates, propeller condition, and compass calibration. Such preparation helps prevent technical issues during flight and improves safety and performance.

Maintain Safe Distances from People

Flying over people carries inherent risks, even with small drones. Pilots should be familiar with FAA rules on flying over people and obtain necessary waivers if applicable. Situational awareness is vital to avoid crowds or gatherings, reducing the potential for injury or accidents.

Select Wide Open Spaces for Flying

Choosing open areas like parks, fields, or designated flying sites facilitates easier line-of-sight operation and provides more time to respond to malfunctions. Pilots must remain vigilant for hidden hazards such as power lines, trees, or buildings to ensure safe flight paths.

Utilize a Visual Observer (Spotter)

Having a visual observer as part of the flight crew enhances safety by helping to spot other air traffic or obstacles. Clear communication between the remote pilot-in-command and the spotter is essential, though the pilot remains responsible for the operation. This teamwork supports safe and efficient drone flights.

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