1. Using Mic Clicks Instead of Actual Communication

Good communication keeps the entire National Airspace System safe, and air traffic controllers rely on clear, verbal communication. One of the biggest ATC pet peeves is when pilots respond with a double mic click instead of using words. While “click-click” might feel like an easy acknowledgement, it leaves controllers guessing, and guessing is never safe. Use clear responses such as, “affirmative”, or “Wilco”, or a full read back to ensure ATC knows you understood.

2. Forgetting to State Your Call Sign

ATC may be working 10-20 aircraft at once, which means every transmission without a call sign creates confusion and wasted airtime. Failing to identify yourself makes it harder for controllers to know who’s responding or who the instruction applies to. Always include your call sign, every transmission, every time. 

For Example:

“Right 070, Five One Four Papa Romeo”

3. Calling “Ready to Taxi” When You Aren’t

If you’re still running a checklist, programming your GPS, or buckling in, you are not ready to taxi. Calling too early can block traffic flow and slow down everyone on the ramp. ATC expects you to move immediately after they issue taxi clearance. Get fully prepared first, ensure a clear path to the taxiway, and then make the call. 

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IFR Clearance and Taxi Out

The flight begins with an IFR clearance to KCMI. The clearance includes an initial altitude of 3,000 feet and an expected altitude of 8,000 feet after departure. ATC also provides the departure frequency and a squawk code. Taxi instructions follow with a runway assignment and a routing to the departure end. The run-up is already complete, and the departure frequency is queued before takeoff.

Takeoff and Departure Contact

Tower clears the aircraft for takeoff with runway heading instructions. The aircraft departs runway 30 and begins climbing toward 3,000 feet. Departure control contact occurs shortly after takeoff. Departure issues a left turn to heading 130 and clears the climb to 8,000 feet. This heading places the aircraft well off course while the climb continues.

Cloud Bases, Tops, and IFR Conditions

The flight encounters clouds shortly after departure. Cloud bases are reported at 3,000 feet. Cloud tops reported near 7,500 feet. The aircraft climbs on top with patchy layers below. These reports are shared with ATC. The video shows the transition from IFR conditions into clear air above the cloud layer.

Vectors and Reroutes Around Airspace

ATC assigns unusual vectors before issuing direct routing. The aircraft receives direct Champagne, then later receives routing that includes direct Rockford and then Champagne. A discussion follows about reroutes around Chicago airspace. The route changes increase time en route, reinforcing the value of carrying extra fuel during IFR operations.

Approach Setup and Localizer Capture

The video later transitions into the instrument approach segment. ATC clears the aircraft for the RNAV approach and assigns an altitude. The aircraft captures the course and configures for descent. ATC issues tower frequency, and the approach continues with stable airspeed and configuration changes. The glideslope is armed and the aircraft descends toward breakout altitude.

Breakout, Landing, and Taxi

The flight breaks out near the approach minimums. Bases are around 2,300 feet during the descent. The aircraft continues to landing and touches down with crosswind corrections noted during rollout. After landing, ATC issues taxi instructions to the ramp. The flight concludes with plans to refuel and continue the next leg.

Official IFR Reference

This IFR flight demonstration includes clear examples of clearances, vectors, and approach procedures. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) resources provide official guidance on IFR operations and instrument procedures. FAA information on instrument flying and safety guidance is available on their website.

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Setting Up Before the Call

After departing Ocala, Jason receives a frequency change approval and prepares to approach. He uses the Chart Supplement to identify the correct frequency instead of guessing. By tuning the frequency early, he avoids rushing and reduces workload before making the call.

Using the Cold Call Method

Jason demonstrates the cold call by stating the facility name and aircraft identification, then stopping. He waits for ATC to respond before continuing. This method prevents stepping on other transmissions and allows the controller to manage frequency congestion. Jason also explains that cold calls are not always appropriate. In very busy airspace, waiting for an opening or using a different approach may be more effective.

The “Ordering Pizza” Format

Once acknowledged, Jason structures the request in a simple format. He explains that flight following works like ordering pizza. The pilot states who they are, where they are, and what they want. In this case, the request is VFR flight following to Naples at a specific altitude. This structure keeps the call concise and easy for ATC to process.

Waiting and Listening Carefully for Flight Following

After making the request, Jason waits without rushing. He listens for other aircraft calls and allows the controller time to respond. This patience prevents blocked transmissions and shows good radio discipline. Listening becomes just as important as speaking during busy periods.

Reading Back the Squawk Code Correctly

When ATC assigns a squawk code, Jason emphasizes how to read it back. He reads the code first, followed by the aircraft identification. This technique reduces the chance of mixing up numbers and forgetting instructions. He points out that pilots are more likely to forget the code than their own tail number.

Why Flight Following Is Worth It

Flight following provides traffic advisories and an extra set of eyes. Jason keeps the explanation simple and practical. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) describes VFR flight following as an optional radar service provided by ATC when workload permits. The service is easy to request, flexible, and valuable during cross-country flying. Thus, confidence through repetition and clear communication is key.

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Preparing Early for a Class C Arrival

Before making the first call, Jason sets the airplane up in cruise and runs a checklist to reduce distractions later. He highlights the Class C boundary on the chart and identifies the correct approach frequency in advance. This preparation mirrors VFR flight following procedures, with the key difference being the intent to land at the primary airport.

Making the Initial Call into Busy Airspace

The arrival begins with a cold call that clearly states who they are, where they are, and what they want. Traffic levels are high, and multiple aircraft check in rapidly. Jason stays patient and waits for a response rather than stepping on other transmissions, allowing ATC to sequence aircraft efficiently.

Managing Rapid Instructions and Expectations

As instructions come quickly, Jason listens for what applies specifically to his aircraft. He receives sequencing information and expectations for a visual approach while monitoring traffic called out by the controller. The pace feels fast, but the structure remains familiar by focusing on headings, pattern entry, and traffic awareness.

Using ATIS and Staying Ahead of the Airplane

Jason pauses to pull the current ATIS once communication allows, even while the airspace remains busy. He notes several airport advisories and confirms the active runway. Having the ATIS completed early prevents missed details later when workload increases closer to the field.

Transitioning Smoothly to the Tower

Once handed off, Jason already has the tower frequency queued, which allows for a clean check-in. Tower issues pattern entry instructions for a left downwind, and Jason adjusts without rushing. Even at a large airport with airline traffic, he flies a normal pattern and avoids treating the runway differently.

Flying the Pattern Like Any Other Airport

Despite the size of the airport and runway, Jason emphasizes flying a standard traffic pattern. Configuration changes, flap usage, and spacing remain familiar. Clearances are already received, which eliminates unnecessary radio calls and allows full focus on flying and spacing.

Lessons from a Busy Class C Arrival

This arrival shows how busy airspace rewards preparation and disciplined listening. Clear radio technique, early setup, and staying ahead of frequencies reduce stress. The experience reinforces that even complex Class C arrivals follow predictable flows when pilots stay organized. Class C airspace requires establishing and maintaining two-way radio communication prior to entry per FAR Part 91.130.

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Recognizing the Weather Diversion Shift Early

The weather changes fast in this video, even after a clear departure earlier in the day. Jason references the radar looking nasty and treats that as a decision point, not a curiosity. He also keeps the storm’s movement in mind, since a safe route now can become unsafe minutes later. The goal stays simple: avoid threading a path through extreme precipitation.

Asking for Help and Setting Expectations with ATC

Jason calls Tampa Approach and communicates clearly about position, altitude, and the intention to land at Tampa International. The exchange sounds similar to picking up flight following, but the key difference is the immediate need to manage weather diversion along the route. ATC provides routing and information updates, and Jason stays ready to adjust again if conditions change.

Why Jason Says “No” to the Gap

A gap can look perfect on a screen, but Jason does not treat it as a guarantee. He explains that he is not a “gap kind of guy” and would rather take the long route around. He also points out the risk of getting away with it once and then normalizing the gamble. With plenty of fuel, the safer choice becomes the easier choice.

Using Tools Without Trusting Only One Tool

Jason shows why redundancy matters by comparing two ADS-B weather sources. One display lags behind, while another shows a clearer picture, and the updates do not always arrive at the same time. He treats the age of the radar image as a factor and keeps eyes outside while continuing to evaluate what he sees ahead. The technology helps, but the decision still stays conservative.

Staying Flexible with Alternates and Altitude in Weather Diversion

As weather diversion develops, Jason keeps alternates in mind and talks through options like going around Lakeland or even turning back if needed. He notes that ceilings can drop as you work around crummier weather, so he begins adjusting altitude at his discretion when the controller allows it. The plan stays dynamic, and the priority remains staying legal VFR while keeping margin.

Getting into Tampa Executive Safely Under the Bravo Shelf

The flight ends up at Tampa Executive instead of Tampa International, and Jason explains the arrival geometry with the nearby Bravo shelf in mind. He plans an overfly and a maneuver back to a left downwind for Runway 5, while staying under the Bravo that begins at 1,200 feet. Traffic, birds, and spacing all add workload, so communication stays steady and the pattern entry stays deliberate. The pilot in command has final authority for safe operation, even when working with ATC instructions and suggestions per FAR Part 91.3. 

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Troubleshooting Before Declaring Lost Communications

Many lost communications events start with simple errors. Incorrect audio panel settings cause confusion. Volume knobs and intercom selections often create silence. Pilots must verify frequencies and headset connections. Push-to-talk switches can fail. Stuck microphones block transmissions. Pilots should continue transmitting in case ATC hears them. Monitoring nearby weather frequencies confirms receiver function.

Lost Communications Under VFR

True lost communications require confirmed failure. Under VFR, pilots should continue visually and land as soon as practical. FAR 91.185 allows pilot judgment during these situations. Pilots should avoid complex airspace when possible. Uncontrolled airports simplify arrivals. Observing traffic patterns replaces radio coordination. All exterior lights should remain on for visibility. Pilots should squawk 7600 if electrical power remains. Complete electrical failure prevents transponder transmission.

Light Gun Signals and Alternate Communication

Towered airports use light gun signals during lost communications. FAR 91.125 outlines signal meanings. Pilots must know these signals before flight. Pilots can also use cell phones when available. Many chart supplements list tower phone numbers. Bluetooth headsets often work independently of panel power.

Lost Communication Under IFR

IFR lost communications follow a strict sequence. Pilots use the AVEF route hierarchy. Assigned routes take priority. Vectored routes follow next. Expected routes come next. Filed routes apply last. Altitude selection uses the highest option. Pilots compare assigned, expected, and minimum altitudes. This rule protects terrain and traffic separation. Approach timing depends on clearance limits. Pilots descend near the expected clearance time or estimated arrival. Filing to an approach fix simplifies execution.

Preparation Prevents Panic

Lost communications rarely surprise prepared pilots. Handheld radios provide redundancy. Headset adapters improve usability. Pilots should rehearse procedures regularly. Confidence replaces panic through preparation. Lost communications become manageable events, not emergencies.

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Why Phraseology Errors Matter

Radio phraseology exists to remove doubt. Ambiguous words force others to interpret intent. Phrases like “take off power” versus “takeoff power” sound similar but mean different things. History shows that confusion can escalate quickly. Past accidents led aviation authorities to remove unclear phrases and replace them with precise alternatives.

Common Phrases That Cause Confusion

Nonstandard expressions weaken communication. Terms like “tally ho,” “looking for traffic,” or casual slang add no value. Even common habits like saying “two to four thousand” instead of “climb four thousand” introduce risk. Numbers, headings, altitudes, and frequencies require deliberate wording. Saying each digit clearly prevents errors, especially during high workload moments.

Using Standard Language on the Flight Deck

Standard radio phraseology improves predictability. Pilots should say “traffic in sight” or “negative contact,” never vague substitutes. Controllers expect exact terms like “line up and wait,” not outdated language. Pilots must also wait for controllers to abbreviate call signs before doing so themselves. Speaking at a calm, steady pace helps ensure messages are transmitted accurately.

Building Strong Communication Habits

Good radio phraseology reflects professionalism. Clear communication reduces readback errors and lowers workload. The FAA outlines approved phraseology in the Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM), which provides national standards for pilot-controller communication:  Consistent use of standard terms strengthens safety on every flight and reinforces trust across the aviation system.

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Understanding the Event Timeline

This near-miss FedEx Southwest sequence occurred during quarter-mile visibility with 200-foot ceilings and freezing fog. FedEx was cleared to land on Runway 18L at approximately 6:34 a.m. Four minutes later, Southwest received takeoff clearance on the same runway while FedEx reported a three-mile final. Conditions created limited situational awareness for both aircraft.

FedEx Initiates the Go-Around

As Southwest accelerated for takeoff, FedEx began a missed approach. FedEx transmitted “Southwest abort,” though this call came from FedEx rather than ATC. Southwest responded “negative,” indicating the aircraft was barely airborne and unable to turn safely in low visibility. ATC then instructed Southwest to turn when able, though environmental conditions restricted immediate compliance.

Low Visibility Complications

Freezing fog and darkness reduced pilot awareness during critical phases of flight. The FAA highlights runway surface risks and visibility challenges within the FAA Runway Safety Program, reinforcing how environmental factors narrow safe operational margins. Situational awareness decreases significantly when both flight crews and controllers rely almost entirely on instruments and timing.

Evaluating Southwest’s Position

Southwest had been cleared for takeoff and occupied the runway under legal clearance. Taxi operations appeared cautious and deliberate in the poor visibility. Additional caution likely stemmed from runway condition concerns and the complexities of early-morning operations. Refusing takeoff clearance after hearing FedEx approaching closely may have provided additional margin, though such decisions require rapid evaluation.

Evaluating FedEx’s Perspective

FedEx monitored runway conditions closely and confirmed landing clearance in a tone that hinted concern regarding spacing. The crew elected a go-around once the runway remained unseen at the minimums. Initiating this go-around earlier might have reduced closure rates, though the crew still acted within procedural requirements.

Communication Challenges

Some transmissions appeared partially stepped on or delivered during high workload moments. The exchange between pilots and ATC reflected compressed timing and rapid decision-making. ATC faced limited visibility and simultaneous runway activity with a large transport aircraft on short final and another accelerating for departure.

Lessons for All Flight Operations

This analysis emphasizes proactive spacing awareness, assertive communication, and willingness to delay departures. The event reinforces the importance of stabilized approaches and readiness to execute a missed approach at any point. Runway operations demand clear expectations and strict adherence to visibility minimums. Studying such events strengthens overall safety practices across professional and general aviation.

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The First Flight: Building Confidence Together

Taking that first flight can be exhilarating and nerve-wracking. Many spouses may feel hesitant to take the controls at first, but with proper guidance, they can quickly gain confidence. During initial flights, one spouse can focus on learning the basics like taxiing, radio communication, and assisting with checklists; while the other manages the primary flight controls.

Pre-Flight Training: Understanding Roles

Effective co-pilot training begins on the ground. Spouses learn essential tasks such as:

• Pre-flight checks and aircraft tiedowns. 
• Setting up navigation systems and frequencies.
• Understanding emergency procedures.

Even tasks that may seem simple, like identifying chocks or operating avionics become critical learning points for a co-pilot. This hands-on experience ensures that both pilots know what to do in every situation.

Crew Resource Management

Crew Resource Management (CRM) is the key to successful teamwork in the flight deck. Spouses acting as co-pilots can assist by:

• Calling out checklists and confirming actions.
• Monitoring instruments while the other pilot flies.
• Managing radio communications and flight planning.
• Offering support during takeoff, landing, and in-flight maneuvers.

By sharing responsibilities, both pilots reduce workload and increase safety. 

Practical Tips for Flying as a Spouse/Co-Pilot Team

1. Start small: Begin with simple flights and gradually add complexity.
2. Communicate Constantly: Clear communication prevents mistakes and builds trust. 
3. Practice Emergencies. Run through hypothetical scenarios to prepare for the unexpected.
4. Encourage Each Other: Positive reinforcement boosts confidence, especially for a first time co-pilot. 
5. Enjoy the Experience: Take time to appreciate the scenery and celebrate achievements.

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A Simple Formula for Flight Following

When requesting VFR flight following, pilots begin with a clear introduction and a specific request. Schappert references his friend Jamie Beckett from AOPA, who summarizes it perfectly: “Who am I, where am I, and what do I want?”

Managing Frequencies and Workload

Because flight following is provided on a workload-permitting basis, controllers may sound busy, so patience and timing matter. Pilots often give a short “cold call” first to get the controller’s attention before stating their full request. Frequency changes, like those from 126.8 to 124.12 in this example, are common and should be verified against the sectional chart to ensure proper communication with the right facility.

Staying Alert and Organized

During this short flight, Schappert transitions through multiple controllers while maintaining awareness of position, heading, and altitude. This rapid exchange shows how even short flights can include frequent updates, frequency changes, and instructions to remain clear of controlled airspace. Organization and readiness help ensure smooth transitions and prevent confusion.

Lessons from an “Unscripted” Flight

What started as a simple demonstration turned into a real-time lesson in flexibility. The video shows that not every flight goes as planned—controllers change, frequencies differ, and instructions vary—but composure and clear communication keep everything running smoothly. For pilots, that adaptability is just as essential as technical skill.

The Mindset Behind Every Radio Call

Even a straightforward task like requesting flight following reveals the professionalism expected of pilots. Each exchange with ATC reinforces habits of precision, patience, and clear speech—skills that translate to safer skies and smoother operations. In aviation, the ability to adapt calmly when things don’t go exactly as planned is part of what defines a good pilot.

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