Landing success doesn’t just happen on short final—it begins much earlier in the traffic pattern. Jason Schappert of MzeroA emphasizes that airspeed management is the key factor that makes or breaks a smooth touchdown. Even a small deviation of five knots can determine whether you land precisely or float hundreds of feet past your mark.
Airspeed Starts on Downwind
While many pilots focus on final approach speeds, Jason explains that the downwind leg is where the “money is made.” Flying too fast on downwind often leads to carrying excess energy into base and final. For example, being just five knots fast on downwind means you’ll likely be five knots fast on final. That small error can cause overshooting your target point on a check ride or in real-world flying.
RPM and Speed Targets
Jason suggests bringing power back earlier in the pattern to control speed more effectively. Instead of cruising at 2,300–2,400 RPMs like during long cross-country flights, try reducing power to around 2,000–2,100 on downwind. For his Cessna 172, his goal is 90 knots on downwind, 80 on base, 70 on short final, and 65 knots crossing the runway threshold. These numbers vary by airplane, but having clear targets helps pilots stay ahead of the aircraft.
The Cost of Too Much Speed
Coming in just five knots too fast might not seem significant, but it can cause you to float down the runway. At ten knots too fast, you may even skip across the surface like a rock on water, leading to bounced landings. These small errors compound quickly, especially when combined with being high on altitude in the pattern. The FAA Pilot Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge provides additional guidance on energy management and landing techniques.
The Danger of Too Little Speed
Flying too slowly is equally risky. Being five knots under target can leave you behind the power curve and force you into a harder landing. Pilots often end up planting the airplane onto the runway or experiencing a “two-for-one” landing, where the airplane bounces before settling again. While every pilot has been there, the goal is to prevent it by managing airspeed throughout the pattern.
Setting Goals for Your Airplane
Every airplane is different, so Jason encourages pilots to set their own target speeds for each leg of the traffic pattern. Whether flying a Cessna 172 or another model, pilots should know their downwind, base, final, and threshold speeds. Consistent practice and awareness create smoother, safer landings and more confidence in the flight deck.
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