VFR sectional charts are packed with information, but some symbols and notations can leave even experienced pilots scratching their heads. Jason Schappert of MzeroA uses real-world examples to break down tricky airspace details and highlight the importance of careful chart reading.
Understanding Class D Anomalies
At Orlando Executive, the sectional shows a “–16” above the airport. Jason explains that this means the Class D airspace extends up to, but not including, 1,600 feet MSL. Why? Because the Class B shelf above begins at 1,600 feet. That means at 1,599 feet you’re in Class D, and at 1,600 feet you’ve crossed into Class B—something you’ll want to avoid arguing with the FAA after an airspace violation.
Class C Surface Extensions
Jason also points out a “Surface to T” marking within Class C airspace. Though it looks unusual, the concept is the same: the Class C extends from the surface up to the “top,” which is defined by the overlying Class B floor. For example, in the Orlando area, this Class C extends from the surface to 2,999 feet, while the Bravo begins at 3,000 feet. Knowing where the cutoff lies can make all the difference during climbs or descents.
Recognizing Prohibited Areas
On the same chart, Jason highlights P-50, a prohibited area. The rule is simple: prohibited means prohibited. Flying through one is not allowed under any circumstances—unless you enjoy losing your certificate and being greeted by a fighter jet. Nearby, the closure of St. Mary’s Airport illustrates how proximity to a prohibited area can render an airport impractical and unsafe for operations.
What’s a TRSA?
Another symbol that confuses many pilots is the gray-shaded area surrounding certain airports. Jason explains that this represents a Terminal Radar Service Area (TRSA). Think of it as “Class C lite”—it offers radar services but does not require participation. Pilots flying through a TRSA aren’t legally obligated to communicate, but it’s available and highly recommended for enhanced safety. The primary airport inside a TRSA is always Class D, with radar services layered on top.
Continuous Learning on Sectionals
Jason encourages pilots to share unusual or confusing symbols from their own regions. Whether it’s odd altitude caps, strange shaded airspace, or unique local features, every pilot benefits from learning how others interpret these details. Treating sectional charts as a living classroom helps pilots stay sharp and avoid costly mistakes in the real world.
Explore live sectional charts and practice identifying airspace boundaries using SkyVector’s interactive map
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