Wake turbulence remains a hidden hazard during approach, departure, and pattern work. In Safer Pilot Challenge Day 23, Jason Schappert explains how wake turbulence and wind shear combine to create dangerous flight conditions.
A Pattern Wake Turbulence Case
Wake turbulence does not occur only on takeoff or landing. A fatal accident during traffic pattern operations demonstrates this risk. The aircraft encountered wake turbulence while following a larger jet on final approach.
How Wake Turbulence Forms
All aircraft generate wake turbulence. Larger aircraft produce stronger vortices due to increased lift. Wake intensity increases when aircraft operate heavy, clean, and slow. These conditions often exist during approach and departure.
Wake Behavior and Movement
Wake vortices move outward, upward, and around the generating aircraft. Over time, vortices descend and drift with the wind. Calm conditions allow wake to remain concentrated longer near the runway.
Wake Turbulence Avoidance
Avoidance begins with spacing discipline. Approaches should remain above the preceding aircraft’s glide path. Touchdown should occur beyond the previous landing point. On departure, rotation should occur before the preceding aircraft’s liftoff point when practical.
Parallel Runway and Crosswind Risks
Parallel runways introduce additional wake hazards. Crosswinds can transport wake laterally between runways. Quartering tailwinds increase wake persistence and runway contamination.
Wind Shear Awareness
Wind shear produces rapid airspeed and performance changes. Vertical and horizontal shear can occur near weather systems, temperature inversions, and microbursts. Immediate power application and directional control remain critical responses.
Reporting and Preparedness
Timely reports improve safety for following traffic. Wind shear and wake encounters should be communicated to controllers. FAA wake turbulence guidance outlines separation standards and pilot responsibilities.
A Final Reflection
Wake turbulence and wind shear demand respect, patience, and discipline. Conservative spacing and decisive go-around choices preserve safety margins. Continuous learning remains essential to safer operations.
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